Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India

Thus, Article 370 of the Constitution was basically a disguise of the Islamic Sharia principle that the gullible members of the Constituent Assembly could never comprehend. As a member of the Indian Police Service, the author dealt with complex legal enforcement issues as well as major internal security and terrorism challenges in all theatres. Therefore, he boldly asserts, with full responsibility and supported by indisputable empirical and textual evidence, that the Indian Constitution has, among other things, created or aggravated three persistent terrorism problems. At a meeting on August 6, the chief ministers of Meghalaya and Assam decided to set up three committees from both sides to be headed by cabinet ministers to minimise the areas of differences. He said that for the first time in many years, people celebrated Independence Day with a free mind with no organisation calling a bandh on the day.

They suspect that HNLC Commander-in-Chief Marwein and his close lieutenants Bah Hep Metal and Bullet are all well-entrenched within Bangladesh, hiding in the Khasi villages of the Sylhet and Sunamganj districts. For locals, it is common knowledge that a large amount of HNLC or ANVC or GNLA financing for survival, recruitment, training and arms comes from Bangladesh, and the porosity of the border makes it easier than it should be to cement international terror linkages. Another factor complicating the stability of the state is the illegal coal mining that has continued under the Sangma government largely unabated. Practised through long, narrow tunnels by locals and termed ‘rat-hole mining’, it has also led to coking factories mushrooming in the East Jaintia Hills and the West Khasi Hills.
At that time, this decision was widely lauded as an instance of national integration successfully achieved by the then-infant free Indian government. This, however, did not impinge upon the rising national consciousness amongst the tribal populations. Indeed, this tribal nationalism came into direct conflict with Indian nationalism, and over the years, militancy in Meghalaya became embedded in the larger insurgencies in the Northeast. Not only was their tribal nationalism contradictory to that of the Indian State, there were also clashes between different tribal groups due to differing perceptions about the kind of future they had imagined. This was further complicated by the national system of wealth distribution which was implemented through per capita transfers, thus benefitting the majority ethnic groups to the disadvantage of the smaller ones. The Hynniewtrep Achik Liberation Council was the first militant group formed in the region.

Through the HALC, theHynniewtreps were represented by present-day Khasis and Jaintias; and they allied with the Achiks in their common struggle against theDhkars. However, this unity did not last long due to several conflicts of interests between Khasis and Jaintias on one hand, and the Garos on the other. Finally, the HALC split into the Achik Matgrik Liberation Army and the Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council formed of the joint Systeng-Khasi alliance. The HNLC and the ANVC continued to clash because  each had conflicting objectives on how to constitute Meghalaya.
Till eight years ago, the entire northeast was only known for bandhs, strikes, bomb blasts and firing, and the people of the region could not live peacefully due to the activities of different militant groups. Prime Minister Modi, Governors and Chief Ministers, senior officials of several northeastern states participated in the NEC meeting. To overcome insurgency related problems and counter the unlawful activities perpetrated by insurgents groups, Counter-Insurgency Operations are carried out by the Security Forces in the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura from time to time. Meghalaya continued to be affected by Garo Militancy which dominates the insurgency scenario. On 9 August 2012, security forces arrested 5 GNLA separatists in Resubelpara, North Garo Hills district, as the militants were extorting money from a local citizen.

The Armed Forces Act, or AFSPA, has been in force in Nagaland and parts of the northeast for several decades. Under this legislation, security forces can conduct operations anywhere in the state where the law is in effect and arrest anyone without any prior warrant. In NSCN (I-M) view, there is hardly any internal cohesion within the Indian Union. In fact, the seeds of disintegration of the Indian Union are embedded in its formation. The NSCN (I-M)'s logistic support to various ethnic insurgent groups in the region like the MNF, ULFA, NDFB, NTLF, PLA, etc., and its approval of the Khalistan Movement in Punjab as well as militancy in Jammu and Kashmir may well be understood if viewed from this perspective. Notably, the Meghalaya Government has asserted that the State’s police force jointly with the Central security forces is ensuring that no militant outfit use the State as a heaven for nefarious or anti-national activity.
It is thus pertinent to examine whether conflict resolution initiatives need to be persevered with or should be jettisoned in favour of greater reliance on the force option. For several political and civil society groups in the state, it is has become imperative that such illegal migration be stopped or regulated to manageable levels, not only from Bangladesh but also from the Mankachar Circle in the Dhubri District of Assam. The mountainous terrain and the thick forest cover between Meghalaya and Bangladesh have also provided insurgents with an easy gateway in and out of India, and has allowed the smuggling of arms and narcotics to continue.
Wahlang led a delegation of Meghalaya officials and senior police officers at a meeting at Moolaber in West Jaintia Hills district which was also attended by his counterparts from Assams Karbi Anglong district today. SHILLONG, Nov 9 Meghalaya today registered strong protest against Assam police for firing and injuring a Deputy Superintendent of Police after failing to take cognisance on information provided to them during a counter-insurgency operation along the inter-State border. The exodus of Rohingya Muslims started after riots between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in northern Rakhine state of Myanmar in June 2013. It resulted in at least 80 deaths, displacement of more than 20,000 people, and burning of thousands of homes. Many of our neighbouring countries are being used by insurgent groups for shelter and training. Naga groups and Assam-based insurgency groups operate from Myanmar, militant groups of Meghalaya and Tripura from Bangladesh.

There are sizable Meitei Muslims too but the issues like 'Manipur unity and geographical boundaries' unite all Meiteis into one.The delay in granting statehood was felt more on ground by Meities as neighbouring Nagas got a statehood for them way back in 1963. Moreover, there is a substantial Naga population in Manipur and the 'fear' of possible disintegration of Manipur state is like a double-edged sword and a major political issue even up to this day. One Meitei group was floated by the name United National Liberation Front in 1964. An old- timer in Agartala among retired police personnel says as Chief Minister 'Manik da' used to personally supervise some of the operations. One such step that fetched dividends included induction of tribal force officials in the operations.
On October 30, the Supreme Court cancelled Solanki’s bail and directed him to surrender to police. The court also ordered the trial to be held on a day-to-day basis and directed that Solanki not be in Gujarat unless required in the case. Authorities must promptly inform persons detained on criminal charges of the charges against them and of their right to legal counsel. By law a magistrate may authorize the detention of an accused person for a period of no more than 90 days prior to filing charges.

Only women who are in courtship took the decisions, if in case, they could not solve the matter then only the matter was being referred to King. Looking at the conditions of Meitei women in Manipur, there was a reflection of high status seen among women in pre-Hindu period. During the pre-Hindu period, though the patriarchal concept was there, women status was equally better with counterpart men. In 1715, during the Garib Niwaz , in Manipur there used to have four kinds of court over and above the king court which is the highest. Introduction The concept of Culture is developed by beliefs, faith, practices, customs, way to live, language, food habits, etc. Through the generation it has been noted that women are the one who carry the culture to generation to generation at different forms and at different level.
For example, Garo National Liberation Army “commander-in-chief” Sohan D. Shira had ordered the closure of all dried fish markets in Williamnagar town in East Garo Hills District for non-payment of protection money the group had demanded. Other business owners, too, have received extortion notes but have refrained from giving any information to the police for fear of retribution from GNLA, said an analyst at the South Asia Terrorism Portal, who declined to be named due to security concerns. A week before the election, posters were pasted in Williamnagar that said, “Whoever votes Jonathan, this is gun and this is bullet,” with pictures of firearms and ammunition. During the investigation, police traced the posters to Deborah Marak, former Congress Party leader Tennydard Marak and certain GNLA leaders, Superintendent Marak said. Averting a major tragedy, Special Force-10 commandos on Tuesday recovered another Improvised Explosive Device left by the Garo National Liberation Army rebels in poll-bound Meghalaya's East Garo Hills district, police said. Krenilla Marak, the wife of Nationalist Congress Party candidate Jonathone N Sangma, who was killed in an IED blast last Sunday, said she will contest Meghalaya election from the Williamnagar constituency.

Dipa Karmakar is one of the only five women who have successfully landed the Produnova in Gymnastics. Sports and sportsmanship by itself are the biggest national integration factor to wean the region of from insurgency. But no student should forget the fact that despite the Left, Right or Centre ideology, the only cause the students join any institution is ‘academics’ and students should NOT be allowed to subvert and sabotage that, which sadly is supported by powerful faculty lobbies. According to former Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi as quoted in the Indian Express dated 25 Apr 2022, freedom of expression is ‘vital part of democracy’ so long as it does not cross the ‘Lakshman Rekha’.
The 2016 annual report of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Center asserted that longstanding regional conflicts had displaced at least 796,000 persons. Estimating precise numbers of those displaced by conflict or violence was difficult, because the government does not monitor the movements of displaced persons, and humanitarian and human rights agencies had limited access to camps and affected regions. While authorities registered residents of IDP camps, an unknown number of displaced persons resided outside camps.